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Conquest of Tunis (1535)
The Conquest of Tunis in 1535 was an attack on Tunis, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire, by the Spanish Empire and its allies.
==Background==
In 1533, Suleiman the Magnificent ordered Hayreddin Barbarossa, whom he had summoned from Algiers, to build a large war fleet in the arsenal of Constantinople.〔Crowley, p.56〕 Altogether 70 galleys were built during the winter of 1533–1534, manned by slave oarsmen, including 2,000 Jewish ones.〔Crowley, p.57〕 With this fleet, Barbarossa conducted aggressive raids along the coast of Italy, until he conquered Tunis on 16 August 1534, ousting the local ruler, theretofore subservient to the Spanish, Muley Hasan.〔Crowley, p.58〕〔Also known as Muleassen in Italy, and Abu-Abd-Allah-Mohammed-el-Hasan in Tunis. (Il Palazzo di Fabrizio Colonna a Mezzocannone ), article by Bartolommeo Capasso in Napoli nobilissima: rivista di topografia ed arte napoletana, Volumes 1-3, page 100-104.〕 Barbarossa thus established a strong naval base in Tunis, which could be used for raids in the region, and on nearby Malta.〔
Charles V, one of the most powerful men in Europe at the time, assembled a large army of some 30,000 soldiers, 74 galleys shipped in from Antwerp),〔Crowley, p.59〕 300 sailing ships, the ''Santa Anna'' and Portuguese galleon ''São João Baptista'', also known as ''Botafogo'' and the most powerful ship in the world at the time, with 366 bronze cannons to drive the Ottomans from the region.〔Crowley, p.60〕 The expense involved for Charles V was considerable, and at 1,000,000 ducats was on par with the cost of Charles' campaign against Suleiman on the Danube.〔Crowley, p.62〕 Unexpectedly, the funding of the conquest of Tunis came from the galleons sailing in from the New World, in the form of a 2 million gold ducats treasure extracted by Francisco Pizarro in exchange for his releasing of the Inca king Atahualpa (whom he nevertheless executed on 29 August 1533).〔
Despite a request by Charles V, Francis I denied French support to the expedition, explaining that he was under a 3 year truce with Barbarossa following the 1533 Ottoman embassy to France.〔Garnier, p. 94–95〕 Francis I was also under negotiations with Suleiman the Magnificent for a combined attack on Charles V, following the 1534 Ottoman embassy to France. Francis I only agreed to Pope Paul III's request that no fight between Christians occur during the time of the expedition.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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